Wool sample
Object No. F383
The wool collection held by the Powerhouse Museum contains thousands of wool samples collected between 1804 and 2003. These samples provide a record of wool growing in Australia. The different fleeces reflect the breeding programs and environmental conditions under which the fleeces were grown and, as such, they provide a valuable history of the areas of Australia in which sheep were grazed. Sheep were introduced into Australia in 1788 from Cape Town in South Africa. Since then sheep from other countries, including the Spanish Merino were imported into Australia and selectively crossbred. Careful crossbreeding, paying particular attention to the impact of the environment on both animal and fleece, led to the evolution of the Australian Merino. It is an excellent example of the engineering, through selective breeding, of a domestic animal. Wool went on to become the mainstay of the Australian Economy from 1807 to 1960. This particular wool specimen is from Hill River station in South Australia. Hill River was founded in 1876 and became famous for the quality of the mix of new South Australian and French strains of merino they produced. They bred hardy sheep that had short legs but produced large fleeces of wool perfectly suited to the newly improved wool combing machines. These sheep had a great influence on other studs in Australia and they were also exported to New Zealand and South Africa. Erika Dicker Assistant Curator September 2007 Reference: Charles Massy. 'The Australian Merino', Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Victoria, 1990.
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Summary
Object Statement
Wool specimen, stud ewe, bred by John Howard Angas, Hill River, South Australia, 1887
Physical Description
Wool specimen, stud ewe, bred by John Howard Angas, Hill River, South Australia, 1887 Sample of fleece with a museum label on card enclosed. This sample of wool was tested in June 2007 by the Interactive Wool Group. They used the OFDA2000 instrument for fleece testing. The following are the results for this specimen: Microns: 18.5 microns (3.3 Standard Deviation) (average fibre diameter) Staple length: 70 mm Mean fibre curvature: 124.5 Dg/mm (A measurement in degrees per mm related to crimp frequency) Comfort Factor: 99.9 % (The % of fibres equal to or less than 30 microns)
DIMENSIONS
Height
90 mm
Width
165 mm
Depth
20 mm
PRODUCTION
Notes
The wool was produced in 1888 by John Howard Angas in Hill River South Australia, Australia.
HISTORY
Notes
This wool specimen is part of the Bill Montgomery Wool Collection which consists of approximately 7000 samples. In the older part of the collection there are 5000 samples from Australian sheep fleeces grown between 1856 and 1906. The samples were collected by the Museum at a time when scientific research was prominent in the Museum's activities. In 1979, when the Museum's focus changed, most of its wool collection was transferred to the teaching collection of Mr Bill Montgomery, a wool classing teacher at Newcastle Technical College. When Bill retired from the College, the collection was again in danger of being thrown away. He took the entire collection home and stored it in his garage for 15 years. His Collection also contains approximately 1500 wool samples grown between 1950 and 2000 and collected by Bill himself. It includes 147 examples of faults and stains occurring in Australian flocks, 20 pigmented wools and 33 rare and extinct breeds from around the world. The Museum purchased the entire collection in 2003. Bill Montgomery died on 7th July, 2007.
SOURCE
Credit Line
Purchased 2003 (originally gift of John Howard Angas, 1889)
Acquisition Date
31 March 2003
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