POWERHOUSE COLLECTION

Invoice for tea from Jing Xing Hao

Object No. 97/92/5-1/14/5

This invoice for tea, written in Chinese, is part of the paperwork of account books and letters associated with the general stores operated by Sat and Amelia Wong in the New South Wales goldmining town of Tuena from 1864 and later on a sheep farm at Bolong, north of Crookwell from 1880. Sat and Amelia opened their first store, the Guang Yu Long Trading House, selling European and Chinese goods at Tuena in 1864. Their customers were mainly Chinese miners. Gold was discovered in the rivers and creeks around Tuena in 1851. Within six years Chinese diggers were arriving in such numbers that several camps sprang up with small Chinese stores and restaurants. Between 1864 and 1875 Sat and Amelia sold large quantities of pork, clothing and dry foods to Chinese customers. Like other Chinese stores, they also sold opium which remained legal until 1906. Merchants were highly respected among Chinese immigrant communities. They functioned as bankers and creditors, while maintaining trading and personal links with China. Storekeepers and their customers often came from the same 'home' region. The letters and account books indicate that Wong Sat sold a wide range of goods while providing credit and money. References to 'elder brother' and 'uncle' suggest he enjoyed high status among the Chinese at Tuena and further afield, and may have belonged to a Chinese clan, or 'self-help' society.