Model of Mars-3 spacecraft
Object No. 97/2/4
Spacecraft, model, Mars-3, metal, wood, plastic, Exhibition Centre, USSR/Russian Academy of Sciences, [1957-1984]
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Summary
Physical Description
1:2 scale model of Mars-3, the first spacecraft to make a successful landing on the Martian surface. The spacecraft consists of a landing vehicle, attached to the top of the orbiter beneath a dish-shaped braking/entry shield, and the orbiter spacecraft itself. The orbiter has a cylindrical body,with a flared base, a prominent main dish-antenna on the side of the body and two large, folding solar panels. Several small fittings may be actual flight hardware, used instead of manufacturing reproductions of awkwardly-shaped parts. The model stands on a round openwork tube base of black painted metal.
DIMENSIONS
Height
2800 mm
Diameter
2100 mm
PRODUCTION
Notes
The original space probe was designed by engineers working at an as yet unidentified 'Design Bureau' under the ultimate control of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In the Soviet system, the term 'Design Bureau' denoted an academic/technical institute under the leadership of a senior scientist or engineer. There were several 'Design Bureaux' associated with the Soviet space program, each associated with different space projects, but responsible for both rocket and spacecraft development. This model was manufactured in the workshops of the Exhibition Centre of the then-Soviet Academy of Sciences. The original spacecraft was manufactured in the workshops of the developing Design Bureau. No information has ever been provided by the USSR/Russian Academy of Sciences as to the actual construction date of any of the items lent to the museum. The proposed date is a best estimate, based on the evidence of prior display, before the came to the Powerhouse. The original Mars-3 was constructed in 1970-71.
HISTORY
Notes
This model was made by the Soviet Academy of Sciences for use in exhibitions about the Soviet space program, mounted outside the USSR. It is not known what previous exhibitions it may have been used in. The original Mars-3 was developed by the USSR as part of its Mars exploration program. The USSR encountered many difficulties with its Mars program, and Mars-3 was its first major success. Even though the lander ceased to function shortly after touchdown,it transmitted the first image from the Martian surface. The orbiter returned a significant amount of data and images for almost 4 months. Mars-3 was launched 28 May, 1971, arriving at Mars 2 December. The lander touched down on the Martian surface on the same day. This was the first successful soft landing on Mars. Originally owned by the USSR Academy of Sciences. lent to the museum in 1987 as part of L2046. This entire collection was purchased by the museum in 1996.
SOURCE
Credit Line
Purchased 1997
Acquisition Date
20 January 1997
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